Oncogenic processes

No abstract available

Differential expression of microRNAs in bovine papillomavirus type 1 transformed equine cells

Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types 1 and 2 play an important role in the pathogenesis of equine sarcoids (ES), the most common cutaneous tumour affecting horses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate essential biological and cellular processes, have been found dysregulated in a wide range of tumours. The aim of this study was to identify miRNAs associated with ES. Differential expression of miRNAs was assessed in control equine fibroblasts (EqPalFs) and EqPalFs transformed with the BPV-1 genome (S6-2 cells). Using a commercially available miRNA microarray, 492 mature miRNAs were interrogated. In total, 206 mature miRNAs were differentially expressed in EqPalFs compared with S6-2 cells. Aberrant expression of these miRNAs in S6-2 cells can be attributed to the presence of BPV-1 genomes. Furthermore, we confirm the presence of 124 miRNAs previously computationally predicted in the horse. Our data supports the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of ES

Equine sarcoids: Bovine Papillomavirus type 1 transformed fibroblasts are sensitive to cisplatin and UVB induced apoptosis and show aberrant expression of p53

Bovine papillomavirus type 1 infects not only cattle but also equids and is a causative factor in the pathogenesis of commonly occurring equine sarcoid tumours. Whilst treatment of sarcoids is notoriously difficult, cisplatin has been shown to be one of the most effective treatment strategies for sarcoids. In this study we show that in equine fibroblasts, BPV-1 sensitises cells to cisplatin-induced and UVB-induced apoptosis, a known cofactor for papillomavirus associated disease, however BPV-1 transformed fibroblasts show increased clonogenic survival, which may potentially limit the therapeutic effects of repeated cisplatin treatment. Furthermore we show that BPV-1 increases p53 expression in sarcoid cell lines and p53 expression can be either nuclear or cytoplasmic. The mechanism and clinical significance of increase/abnormal p53 expression remains to be established

Papillomavirus E5: the smallest oncoprotein with many functions

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are established agents of human and animal cancers. They infect cutaneous and mucous epithelia. High Risk (HR) Human PVs (HPVs) are consistently associated with cancer of the uterine cervix, but are also involved in the etiopathogenesis of other cancer types. The early oncoproteins of PVs: E5, E6 and E7 are known to contribute to tumour progression. While the oncogenic activities of E6 and E7 are well characterised, the role of E5 is still rather nebulous. The widespread causal association of PVs with cancer makes their study worthwhile not only in humans but also in animal model systems. The Bovine PV (BPV) system has been the most useful animal model in understanding the oncogenic potential of PVs due to the pivotal role of its E5 oncoprotein in cell transformation. This review will highlight the differences between HPV-16 E5 (16E5) and E5 from other PVs, primarily from BPV. It will discuss the targeting of E5 as a possible therapeutic agent

Dynamics of semi-flexible polymer solutions in the highly entangled regime

We present experimental evidence that the effective medium approximation (EMA), developed by D.C. Morse [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 63}, 031502, (2001)], provides the correct scaling law of the macroscopic plateau modulus $G^{0}\propto\rho^{4/3}L^{-1/3}_{p}$ (where $\rho$ is the contour length per unit volume and $L_{p}$ is the persistence length) of semi-flexible polymer solutions, in the highly entangled concentration regime. Competing theories, including a self-consistent binary collision approximation (BCA), have instead predicted $G^{0}\propto\rho^{7/5}L^{-1/5}_{p}$. We have tested both the EMA and BCA scaling predictions using actin filament (F-actin) solutions which permit experimental control of $L_p$ independently of other parameters. A combination of passive video particle tracking microrheology and dynamic light scattering yields independent measurements of the elastic modulus $G$ and $L_{p}$ respectively. Thus we can distinguish between the two proposed laws, in contrast to previous experimental studies, which focus on the (less discriminating) concentration functionality of $G$.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett. (accepted

Pengembangan Lks Berbasis Saintifik Pada Materi Alat- Alat Optik Dan Efektivitasnya Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Fisika Siswa

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangan LKS Berbasis Saintifik pada materi alat-alat optik dan untuk mengetahui efektivitasnya terhadap hasil belajar kognitif fisika siswa. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode Research and Development (R & D). Pengembangan yang digunakan adalah Four D dari Thiagarajan, Semmel & Semmel. Tahapan Four D meliputi tahap define, design, develop, and disseminate. Uji kelayakan LKS menggunakan validasi ahli dan uji efektifitas menggunakan desain one group pretest-posttes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan N gain dan uji t dua pihak. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) hasil validasi Tim Ahli terhadap hasil pengembangan LKS Berbasis Saintifik adalah sangat layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran, (2) LKS Berbasis saintifik yang diajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif siswa, (3) Profile LKS Berbasis Saintifik adalah memuat percobaan yang disusun berdasarkan langkah-langkah saintifik (mengamati, menanya, mencoba, mengasosiasi, dan mengkomunikasikan)

Geospatial Modeling of Blue Carbon Ecosystem Coastal Degradation in Jakarta Bay

Jakarta Bay is shallow water which is used for various activities, currently experiencing environment, soil,and sediment degradation. Jakarta Bay experienced rapid development, population growth, increased economic activity and utilization of coastal resources. The development of Jakarta Bay is carried out to balance land necessity and overcome the problem of land subsidence through reclamation and construction of sea dikes. Ecosystem services arethe contribution of various interrelated ecological structures and functions, mangrove ecosystems provide services as an important part of the carbon cycle. Mangroves use CO2 for photosynthesis and store it in Biomass and sediment stock. Mangrove ecosystems in Jakarta Bay have been degraded and deforested due to land conversion for settlement, facilities, and other activities, in line with the increasing population. The calculation of the service value of mangrove ecosystems is limited to economic valuation and descriptive account, geospatial modelling has not been widely carried out, this has caused widespread and temporal unknown data on ecosystem services. The Coastal Blue Carbon geospatial modelling used in this study requires land use classification data input based on the interpretation of Landsat satellite's images and global carbon deposits in mangrove ecosystems while carbon prices are based on Social Cost Carbon (SCC), Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) and International Voluntary Market Price (IVMP). This study produced a map of the dynamics of carbon stock, sequestration, emissions, accumulation and net present value of carbon. The output of these maps is expected to be a referencefor sustainable mangrove management, coastal area planning optimization with mangrove ecosystem protection so it can be part of climate change mitigation efforts in Jakarta Bay. Keywords: Geospatial,ecosystem, blue carbon, Jakart

Peningkatan Produktivitas Dan Kinerja Lingkungan Menggunakan Pendekatan Green Productivity Pada Proses Produksi Pupuk Organik (Studi Kasus Di PT Tiara Kurnia, Malang)

PT Tiara Kurnia merupakan salah satu industri pupuk organik granul yang memiliki potensi untuk menghasilkan limbah. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan USAha pengelolaan lingkungan yang tepat, salah satunya dengan melakukan USAha reduki limbah (waste reduction). Melalui pendekatan Green Productivity yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diharapkan USAha reduksi limbah yang dilakukan dapat berpengaruh terhadap perbaikan kondisi lingkungan sekaligus meningkatan produktivitas Perusahaan. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan identifikasi adanya permasalahan pada Perusahaan yang berhubungan dengan jumlah limbah yang berlebih dan berpotensi untuk direduksi. Penelitian diawali dengan mengidentifikasi sumber penyebab limbah, menentukan tujuan dan target, dan menyusun alternatif greenproductivity serta mengestimasi konstribusi alternatif terpilih terhadap produktivitas dan kinerja lingkungan. Alternatif perbaikan dirumuskan dan dipilih berdasarkan kelayakannya untuk diimplementasikan melalui analisis finansial. Dari hasil penelitian, didapatkan alternatif solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tingginya jumlah limbah gas yaitu dengan membuat digester biogas, serta memanfaatkannya sebagai pengganti bahan bakar LPG pada mesin dryer. Alternatif ini mampu memberikan konstribusi terhadap peningkatan produktivitas penggunaan material sebesar 16%, peningkatan produktivitas total berdasarkan biaya sebesar 34%, peningkatan GPI sebesar 0,2 serta menurunkan limbah gas sebesar 3232,5 kg/jam

Peran Tuan Guru dalam Penyadaran Hukum Pembayaran Nafkah ‘Iddah Perceraian di Luar Pengadilan

This research is motivated by the author's anxiety about phenomena that occur in society, namely related to fulfilling the obligation to provide an 'iddah post-divorce carried out outside the Religious Courts, primarily through the Tuan Guru's decision in Labuapi District. This research aims to analyze the distribution of 'iddah maintenance outside the court in the Labuapi District. It also tries to analyze the factors that influence the level of legal awareness of giving 'iddah maintenance to the community. Furthermore, this article tries to analyze the form and role of Tuan Guru in socializing the fulfilment of 'iddah maintenance obligations. The authors' results indicate that the distribution of 'iddah income in Labuapi District needs to be carried out correctly. This is based on the lack of public knowledge, prevailing traditions, and conflict between husband and wife, which is the cause of divorce. In addition, in this study, the authors found two active roles of Tuan Guru in the community: to provide understanding to the community and as a mediator and family law consultant